Claudia Hammond analyses the science, the misconceptions – and what you may be doing wrong.
Halitosis, or bad breath, can have a significant impact on oral health and social interactions. It is caused by a variety of factors, including poor oral hygiene, gum disease, and certain medical conditions. Maintaining good oral hygiene, using mouthwash, and incorporating natural remedies can help prevent and treat bad breath.
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If you don't brush and floss your teeth everyday, food particles remain on your teeth and cause bad breath. In addition, if you wear dentures, food can become lodged underneath your dentures, creating an unpleasant smell. Odor-causing bacteria can also collect on the tongue, which many people fail to clean as part their oral health routine.
Keep your saliva flowing by eating healthy foods that make you chew. Carrots and apples need a lot of saliva. You can also chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free candies. If you still don’t have enough saliva to keep your mouth moist, your dentist may suggest artificial saliva.
Living with tonsil stones and halitosis can be challenging both physically and emotionally. Coping with the physical symptoms, such as bad breath or difficulty swallowing, can be distressing. Additionally, the social stigma associated with bad breath can impact self-esteem and confidence.
In addition to poor oral hygiene and dietary factors, certain medical conditions can also cause bad breath. Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, reduces saliva production, which leads to an increase in bacteria in the mouth. Sinus infections and respiratory conditions can also contribute to bad breath due to the presence of mucus and bacteria in the nasal passages.
Viruses and illnesses, especially those that affect the sinuses, nasal passages, and throat, can sometimes result in halitosis. Offensive breath often accompanies colds and sinus infections. The American Dental Association has reported that chronic bad breath can sometimes also be a sign of certain liver and kidney diseases.
Halitosis is defined as a chronic bad breath that mint and mouthwash can’t solve, as mentioned above. Also known as fetor oris, halitosis can make an affected person subconscious and they feel reluctant to hang out with larger groups of people because they are embarrassed by their bad breath. It is estimated that 1 in 4 people have halitosis on a regular basis[i]. According to the latest statistics, an estimated 25% of the world population is having trouble with this annoying symptom. After tooth decay and gum disease, halitosis is the third most common reason people seek dental care[ii]. As should you if you ever notice that your toothpaste or mouthwash does not seem to win the fight over that awful bad breath.
If so, avoid foods like spinach, peppercorns, sesame seeds, popcorn, and other foods that can easily become stuck in your mouth. Check out my article on tonsil stone diet tips here.
Most of the bad smell comes from volatile sulphur compounds, gases with distinctive odours. Hydrogen sulphide, with its classic rotten eggs smell is one of the main offenders, but even worse is a substance called ethyl mercaptan which tends to be described as smelling of decomposing cabbage. It’s the compound which makes some people’s urine particularly pungent after they’ve eaten asparagus.
Breath tests can help determine the presence and severity of halitosis. These tests measure the levels of volatile sulfur compounds in the breath, which can indicate the presence of tonsil stones or other causes of bad breath.
Bad breath in smokers is caused by the tobacco itself—the lungs retain a measure of the tobacco smoke for a while after the cigarette has been extinguished and these chemicals remain in the mouth, making a greater case for halitosis.
Another side effect of smoking is dry mouth, caused by bacteria in the mouth from tobacco. Dry mouth has a significant correlation to smoking, which is also a leading cause of halitosis. Dry mouth not only affects breath, but also affects gingivitis, making an even bigger case for the importance of regular dental checkups if you are a smoker.
Digestive Issues and Bad Breath: The Connection Explained
The most obvious symptom of halitosis is persistent bad breath that does not go away even after brushing or using mouthwash. Other symptoms may include a sour taste in the mouth or a white coating on the tongue.
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The detail that people with tonsil stones want to know most is how they can get rid of their little problem that is impacting their lives in a big way. Those who get tonsil stones tend to experience these growths repeatedly over time. In addition to brushing teeth regularly, doctors recommend a few easy steps for getting rid of stones and discouraging future formations: Avoid smoking. Drink water throughout the day. Don’t just brush, also clean the back of the tongue to prevent debris and bacteria from accumulating. Gargle with warm, salty water.