The science behind bad breath: Understanding the causes
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MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information. oral health center/oral health a-z list/bad breath article Medical Author: John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP Medical Editor: Jerry R. Balentine, DO, FACEP Introduction What is bad breath? Causes What are the possible causes of bad breath? Symptoms What symptoms may be associated with bad breath? Diagnosis How do healthcare professionals diagnose halitosis? Treatment How do you treat bad halitosis? Prognosis What is the prognosis for people with halitosis? Halitosis, or bad breath, can be cured with the treatment of the underlying causes.
Sometimes, it’s not any individual meal you’re eating. It’s the combination of your diet as a whole. While it’s good to give up sugar, many people want to go further and eliminate most carbs from their diet. This drives the body to burn other sources of energy, such as fats and proteins. The byproduct of this is ketones, which have a sweet, fruity odor.
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There are several natural remedies that can help freshen your breath. Drinking water throughout the day helps keep the mouth hydrated and washes away bacteria and food particles. Chewing on herbs like parsley or mint leaves can also help mask bad breath temporarily.
Bad breath can happen to anyone. The American Dental Association reports that about half of adults in the US have or will have to deal with bad breath at some point in their lifetimes.
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Some symptoms that occur include loose teeth, bleeding, pus, and a persistent bad taste in the mouth. If you lose a tooth due to periodontitis, your dentist will be able to provide you with emergency dental care and provide guidance on how to correct and prevent future damage.
Halitosis itself is a symptom of an underlying problem. If you feel a foul odor on your breath when you exhale, look out for the possible causes inside and outside your oral cavity. Another way to check whether your breath has an odor or not is to lick your wrist and let the saliva dry. After a few minutes, smell your wrist to figure out if you have bad breath or not. Since most of the causes arise within the oral cavity, the patient might also present with plaque deposits on the tongue and around teeth, redness and bleeding from gums, and multiple carious lesions.
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It's wise to brush those gnashers regularly to avoid whiffy breath, even if you're a hippo at London Zoo (Credit: Getty Images)
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These compounds are given off when food and bacteria accumulate in the furrows at the back of the tongue. The good news is that this can be temporary, as a result of eating garlic or raw onions, drinking coffee or smoking cigarettes. But in three quarters of cases some kind of dental problem is found alongside the halitosis. The patients might have gums which are swollen, sore or infected or be suffering from a coating on the tongue.
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If you have oral appliances like braces, Invisalign aligners, or dentures, put some extra effort into making sure they’re sparkling clean. Ask your dentist or orthodontist for tips on keeping appliances clean if your having trouble, or are worried about bad breath.
There are several natural remedies that may help alleviate the symptoms of tonsil stones and halitosis. These remedies can be used in conjunction with medical treatments or as a preventive measure.
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Chewing food increase saliva production, so when you are skipping meals or dieting, you can develop bad breath. A diet low in carbohydrates or any restrictive diet may increase your chances of bad breath. It is always good to drink plenty of water to keep you hydrated and to help maintain a good level of saliva in your mouth.
Halitosis is defined as a chronic bad breath that mint and mouthwash can’t solve, as mentioned above. Also known as fetor oris, halitosis can make an affected person subconscious and they feel reluctant to hang out with larger groups of people because they are embarrassed by their bad breath. It is estimated that 1 in 4 people have halitosis on a regular basis[i]. According to the latest statistics, an estimated 25% of the world population is having trouble with this annoying symptom. After tooth decay and gum disease, halitosis is the third most common reason people seek dental care[ii]. As should you if you ever notice that your toothpaste or mouthwash does not seem to win the fight over that awful bad breath.
Eating food high in fibre can help promote digestion which reduces the likelihood of acid reflux happening. Additionally, food high in fibre can keep you feeling full which may help manage weight.
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5. Use a Mouthwash – Many mouthwashes on the market today target bad breath with ingredients like cetyl pyridinium chloride, activated chlorine dioxide, and zinc. The important thing to understand about mouthwash is that you must avoid those containing alcohol. It does not kill bacteria in the mouth, and actually worsens the situation by drying out the mouth.
Antiseptic mouthwashes contain ingredients such as chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride, which help reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth. These mouthwashes can be effective in freshening breath and preventing gum disease. Fluoride mouthwashes help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent tooth decay. Cosmetic mouthwashes contain ingredients such as mint or cinnamon to temporarily mask bad breath.
DIY Remedy #3: Apple Cider Vinegar
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Bad breath causes include snoring, gum disease, acid reflux, respiratory infections, tonsil stones, diabetes, liver failure, kidney failure, H. pylori, dehydration, infections, and use of certain medications. Bad breath cures or remedies depend on the underlying cause. Some people use bad breath toothpaste or mouthwash to combat the problem.
The Link between Halitosis and Gastrointestinal Problems
If the odor is due to gum disease, for example, your dentist can either treat the disease or refer you to a periodontist, a dentist who specializes in treating gum conditions.
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Manual removal: Using a toothbrush to remove the tonsil stone is not recommended. Tonsils are delicate, so it is essential to be soft on that part. Removing it manually can be risky and cause complications, which may include infection or bleeding. If you still want to try, then use a water pick or cotton swab. However, small surgery may be required if the stone is too large.
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Digestive issues like acid reflux and gastrointestinal problems can also cause bad breath. Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest and a sour taste in the mouth. This sour taste can contribute to bad breath.
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Halitosis, commonly known as bad breath, is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can have a significant impact on both oral health and social interactions. Bad breath can be embarrassing and can lead to self-consciousness and low self-esteem. Understanding the causes of halitosis and how to prevent and treat it is essential for maintaining good oral health and overall well-being.
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Bad breath is caused by various factors, including poor oral hygiene, certain foods and drinks, smoking, dry mouth, and underlying health conditions. The most common cause of bad breath is the buildup of bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria break down food particles and release foul-smelling gases as a byproduct.
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If you smoke or use oral tobacco products, you may experience frequent bad breath. All types of tobacco products can cause bad breath, but they can also lead to much more serious oral health issues. Apart from leaving your mouth smelling like an ashtray, they damage the gum tissue and cause gum disease. If you’ve been using tobacco products for any amount of time, the team at Scott Edwards DDS can check for warning signs.
There are several natural remedies that can help freshen breath and improve oral health. Chewing on herbs like parsley and mint can help mask bad breath temporarily. These herbs contain natural compounds that can help neutralize odors in the mouth.
Foods and Beverages that Contribute to Throat-Related Bad Breath
2. Brush Up on Your Oral Hygiene – (Pun intended) You are the only one who can remove dental plaque on a daily basis. This takes both commitment and a great technique. Don’t’ rush through your oral hygiene routine. Ask your dentist or dental hygienist for tips on the best ways to brush and floss. Consider adding a flexible tongue cleaner to your routine to remove plaque from the tongue. As you consistently remove plaque, you reduce the bacterial count in your mouth, which lowers the risk for bad breath.
Bad breath in smokers is caused by the tobacco itself—the lungs retain a measure of the tobacco smoke for a while after the cigarette has been extinguished and these chemicals remain in the mouth, making a greater case for halitosis.
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Tonsil stones can be uncomfortable and cause bad breath, but they are generally not harmful. Maintaining good oral hygiene can help prevent tonsil stones, and there are several treatment options available if you are experiencing symptoms. If you are unsure whether you have tonsil stones or have any concerns, it's best to consult a doctor.
Your tonsils are filled with nooks and crannies where bacteria and other things, including dead cells and mucus, can get trapped. When this happens, the debris can bond together.
If food is the cause of your bad breath, brush your teeth after you eat. Antibacterial toothpaste can help prevent bad breath. Don’t forget to brush your tongue as well as your teeth. Make sure to also floss at least once a day to get rid of trapped food particles that can cause bad breath. Finally, rinse with a mouthwash containing fluoride to eliminate odors and give your teeth an extra layer of protection.
Dentures, removable replacements for missing teeth, come in two types: partial and complete dentures. Dental implants and bridges are suitable alternatives to dentures. Though it usually takes a while to get used to eating and speaking with new dentures, denture adhesives can improve the stability of the denture and provide a sense of security for the denture wearer.
For stones that cannot be visualized, an MRI or CT scan can help make a definitive diagnosis. SLIDESHOW Mouth Problems: TMJ, Canker Sores, Painful Gums and More See Slideshow
Certain habits can also cause bad smells in the mouth. In general, these habits include smoking of any kind, smokeless tobacco use and e-cigs/vaping. Smoking cigarettes causes the strongest, most noticeable alteration in your breath. Smoker’s breath has a very distinct odor that does not respond well to home treatments.
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As stated above, tonsils have many gaps, pits, and crevices known as tonsillar crypts. They trap viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other germs and make the immune system fight infections. Sometimes, crevices can add debris such as bacteria, food, and dead cells, leading to calcium build-up forming the stones.
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A dry socket is a potential complication that can occur when a blood clot in the gums becomes dislodged after a tooth extraction. Dry socket signs and symptoms include pain, mouth odor, and unpleasant taste in the mouth. A dentist may treat a dry socket with analgesic dressing. Over-the-counter pain medications can also relieve symptoms. A dry socket usually heals within 7 days. Avoiding smoking, drinking with a straw, and vigorous rinsing and spitting may help prevent the formation of dry socket.
Maintaining fresh breath is not only important for social interactions but also for our overall oral health and confidence. Understanding the causes of bad breath and practicing good oral hygiene are crucial in preventing and treating bad breath. Avoiding certain foods, staying hydrated, and incorporating probiotics into your diet can also help promote fresher breath. Regular dental checkups and choosing the right mouthwash and chewing gum can further support your efforts in maintaining fresh breath. By taking these steps, you can enjoy the benefits of fresh breath and a healthier smile.
If you have dentures, take them out at night. Clean them completely before putting them back in your mouth. Talk with your dentist before using deodorizing sprays or tablets. Some only mask the odor for a short time.
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Bad breath, also called halitosis, can be embarrassing, especially when other people comment on it, making you feel self-conscious about talking or even smiling. But chronic bad breath can also be a sign of a larger problem. Most cases of bad breath occur after a meal with onions or other ingredients with strong odors, or after going a long time without brushing. These cases are resolved by brushing or gargling with mouthwash. Chronic halitosis, on the other hand, occurs frequently and can only be temporarily relieved with basic hygiene. This is because chronic bad breath doesn’t exist on its own; it’s often a symptom of a more serious problem and cannot be resolved without the proper treatment. Poor oral hygiene habits: infrequent brushing, not flossing and not rinsing with mouthwash can lead to excessive, odor-causing bacteria in the mouth Chronic illnesses: poorly controlled diabetes can cause a buildup of sugar, which attracts bacteria, while kidney failure can cause a fishy smell in the mouth Medications: Antidepressants, diuretics and other medications that cause dry mouth can reduce your saliva production, making it more hospitable to bacteria Gum disease or infection: whether at the gum line or in the tooth itself, periodontitis and other infections in the mouth can leave an unpleasant taste and a bad odor in your mouth What are the remedies for bad breath?
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An infected tooth needs to be treated with root canal therapy or extracted right away. Signs of an infected tooth include a tooth that becomes discoloured, sores on the gums, local warmth, and fever.
Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, are hard, sometimes painful bits of bacteria and debris that get stuck in nooks on your tonsils.
Your dentist may treat the gum disease. Or they may refer you to an oral specialist (periodontist). Cleaning by a periodontist often helps to remove the bacteria, tartar, and plaque that have built up. This will ease the inflammation at the gum line.
Controlling periodontal disease and maintaining good oral health helps to reduce bad breath. If you have constant bad breath, make a list of the foods you eat and any medications you take. Some medications may contribute to bad breath.
Some foods, such as garlic, may cause temporary bad breath with no quick fixes. Garlic gets absorbed into your bloodstream and the odor remains until your body has process the food.
To carry out a proper diagnosis to combat halitosis or bad breath, several fundamental aspects are taken into account: health status, lifestyle, oral situation and hygiene habits.
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Tonsil stones are commonly found in people and are generally not dangerous. Therefore, it has few complications. However, it may lead to tooth decay, bad breath, and, in rare cases, disrupt and damage typical tonsil tissues. In such cases, surgery may be required, so it is advisable to speak to your healthcare provider. Bansal Hospital Bhopal has a well-functioning ENT department that helps diagnose and provide apt treatment for mild to severe conditions.
If bad breath persists despite good oral hygiene and lifestyle changes, it may be a sign of an underlying medical condition. In such cases, it is important to seek professional help from a dentist or doctor. They can perform a thorough examination and diagnose the underlying cause of bad breath from the throat.
Certain bacteria on the back of the tongue can interact with amino acids in foods and make smelly sulfur compounds.
In addition to being mindful of your diet, it is important to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Water helps keep your mouth hydrated and washes away food particles and bacteria that can contribute to bad breath.
Bad breath can also be caused by certain health conditions, such as dry mouth or diabetes.
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Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential in preventing halitosis. Brushing your teeth at least twice a day and flossing daily helps remove food particles and bacteria from the mouth. It is important to use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to effectively clean your teeth and gums.
There are several over-the-counter products available that can help manage bad breath from the throat. Mouthwashes and sprays specifically designed for freshening breath can help kill bacteria in the throat and provide a temporary solution for bad breath.
Tonsil stones are hard, white, or yellow-colored formations located on or within tonsils.
The first thing many people do if they suspect they have bad breath is to reach for the mouthwash. The mint or clove flavouring does of course, disguise the smell for a short time, and many mouthwashes also contain antiseptic. The idea is to eliminate the bacteria that leads to foul-smelling compounds. For a time this can work. But there has been some debate concerning containing alcohol and whether it does or doesn’t exacerbate dehydration. A very dry mouth can cause breath to smell worse.
Breath sprays come in flavors like cinnamon and spearmint, and a quick burst can freshen your breath when you aren’t able to chew gum or drink a glass of water. Like with gum and mints, you should choose a sugar-free breath spray to avoid increasing your risk of tooth decay.
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