Based on the underlying cause, halitosis is divided into three classes: Physiologic halitosis, pathologic halitosis, and psychogenic halitosis. Food substances usually cause physiologic halitosis with a strong smell, such as onion, garlic, etc. In other cases, the accumulation of food particles within the oral cavity for a long time can also cause bad breath. Any abnormality that reduces the salivary flow rate or causes dry mouth contributes to physiologic halitosis.
Diabetes can cause bad breath for two different reasons; periodontal disease, and high levels of ketones in the blood.
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Sinus infections and allergies can cause post-nasal drip, which is when excess mucus drips down the back of the throat. This can lead to a foul odor and bad breath. Treating the underlying sinus infection or allergies can help alleviate bad breath.
The Science Behind Bad Breath
If your tonsils are inflamed, already infected, or swollen, it’s more likely you’ll develop tonsil stones. That’s because swollen tonsils have more wrinkles and crevices where food and bacteria can accumulate.
It is not a dangerous condition, and one can get rid of it by using some home remedies. However, it may require antibiotics and surgery in some cases.
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help balance the bacteria in our mouths and prevent bad breath. The oral microbiome is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, and an imbalance in this ecosystem can lead to bad breath.
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Kidney disease – about 31 million people in the United States or 10% of the population have chronic kidney disease[vi]. Kidney disease refers to the gradual loss of kidney function and it can be a complication of many other health conditions. How does kidney disease cause halitosis? These organs filter out different minerals in the blood and send healthy blood back to your body and heart. Kidney failure impairs the ability of this organ to filter out minerals and they accumulate in the bloodstream. As a result, you experience a metallic taste and bad breath.
If your dentist has ruled out any oral problems that might cause a chronic bad breath, it is best to see you doctor for an evaluation too. This may indicate infection somewhere else in your body and can be a sign of a range of conditions like diabetes, strep throat, tonsilitis, respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, HIV, digestive system ailments such as ref-lux or liver and kidney problems.
Food and drinks such as alcohol, caffeinated liquids, onions, garlic, citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppermints, spicy foods, and fried or fatty foods should be avoided to help control acid reflux and the subsequent halitosis related.
It's important to note that while lemon water can help freshen breath, it should not be used as a substitute for regular oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing.
Probiotics, such as yogurt or supplements, may also be beneficial in preventing tonsil stones and bad breath. Probiotics help promote a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth and throat, reducing the risk of bacterial overgrowth and the formation of tonsil stones.
Poor oral hygiene is one of the leading causes of tonsil stones. When you don't brush and floss regularly, bacteria and food particles can accumulate in your mouth, leading to the formation of tonsil stones.
Not everyone who thinks they have bad breath, does. They misinterpret people stepping back or turning away when in real cases of halitosis this isn’t the way people tend to react. One study put this proportion at 27%.
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Dietary changes, staying hydrated, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are also important in preventing bad breath. Tongue scraping and other oral care practices can help remove bacteria and debris from the mouth. If bad breath persists despite practicing good oral hygiene and making lifestyle changes, it is important to seek professional treatment.