When you experience heartburn or acid reflux, acid and some undigested food from the stomach can flow back up the esophagus, sometimes into the mouth. The combination of partially or undigested food and acid washing back into the mouth can lead to bad breath.
In addition to brushing and flossing, tongue scraping is an often overlooked step in oral hygiene. The tongue harbors bacteria that can contribute to bad breath. Using a tongue scraper or gently brushing your tongue with your toothbrush can help remove these bacteria and freshen your breath.

Bad breath is often evaluated by a dentist. In addition to patient history and physical examination of the mouth, tests may be needed to diagnose the cause of bad breath, such as: Organoleptic testing: assesses the strength of bad breath Sulfide monitors to measure mouth-air volatile sulfur compound (VSC) content, which are produced by anaerobic bacteria from food debris in the mouth that cause bad breath Gas chromatography to measure VSCs X-rays of the mouth Periodontal charting if gum disease is suspected Brush and floss twice daily Mouthwash Can help kill bacteria or neutralize and mask bad breath Mouthwash is only a temporary solution Clean dentures regularly and thoroughly Keep saliva flowing Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free hard candy Eat healthy foods that require a lot of chewing, such as carrots or apples Use artificial saliva if your dentist recommends it Don’t smoke See your dentist regularly https://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/b/bad-breath https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bad-breath?search=bad%20breath&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2120250223 https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/oral-health/6-surprising-causes-of-bad-breath#:~:text=A%20diet%20very%20high%20in,unpleasant%20odor%20from%20your%20mouth.&text=There%20are%20many%20types%20of,turn%20leads%20to%20bad%20breath
In conclusion, maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial in preventing bad breath. Brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting your dentist regularly are important habits to keep your mouth clean and fresh. Using mouthwashes, tongue scrapers, natural remedies, and the right toothpaste can also help combat bad breath. Additionally, paying attention to your diet and promoting healthy habits can contribute to fresh breath. By combining these products and practices, you can achieve optimal oral health and fresh breath. Remember to consult your dentist if you have persistent bad breath or any concerns about your oral health.